Tìm hiểu về 3 loại câu điều kiện trong tiếng anh: Câu điều kiện(conditional sentences) là 1 trong những dạng ngữ pháp luôn xuất hiện trong các đề thi tiếng Anh, ví dụ như TOEIC xác xuất thường từ 2 tới 4 câu. Và cũng rất dễ ăn điểm nếu bạn nắm vững kiến thức của các loại câu đặt biệt. Nhưng phải ghi nhớ thêm một số dạng câu điều kiện đặc biệt. Dưới đây là bài viết tổng hợp bài tập về câu điều kiện có đáp án để các bạn làm quen ghi nhớ lâu với câu điều kiện ở cả 3 loại
1. Câu điều kiện loại 0 (HTD-HTD)
Câu điều kiện loại 0 diễn tả một hành động, sự kiện luôn luôn đúng, kiểu một chân lý.
Cấu trúc- Công thức câu điều kiện loại 0: If+ S+V, S+V
Ví dụ: If you heat ice, it melts- Nếu ta làm nóng đá, nó sẽ tan chảy.
2. Câu điều kiện loại I (HTD-TLD)
Câu điều kiện loại I còn được gọi là câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại. Ta dùng câu điều kiện loại I để đặt ra một điều kiện có thể thực hiện được trong hiện tại và nêu kết quả có thể xảy ra.
Cấu trúc – Công thức- Mẫu câu điều kiện loại I : If+ S+V, S+will+V
Nói cách khác, ở câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng thì tương lai đơn. Ví dụ:
- If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you. (Nếu anh bước vào vườn của tôi, con chó của tôi sẽ cắn anh.)
- If it is sunny, I will go fishing. (Nếu trời nắng tốt, tôi sẽ đi câu cá.)
3. Câu điều kiện loại II (QKD-QKTL)
Câu điều kiện loại II là câu điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại. Ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại II để diễn tả điều không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, chỉ là một giả thiết, một ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng hiện tại.
Cấu trúc – Công thức , mẫu câu điều kiện loại II : If+S+Ved, S+would+ V
Chú ý trong câu điều kiện loại II, ở mệnh đề “IF” riêng động từ “to be” thì dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi. Ví dụ:
- If I were a bird, I would be very happy. (Nếu tôi là một con chim, tôi sẽ rất hạnh phúc.) <= tôi không thể là chim được
- If I had a million USD, I would buy that car. (Nếu tôi có một triệu đô la, tôi sẽ mua chiếc xe đó.) <= hiện tại tôi không có
4. Câu điều kiện loại III (QKHT-QKTLHT)
Câu điều kiện loại III là câu điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ. Ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại III để diễn tả một điều không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ, chỉ mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ, một giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ.
Cấu trúc- Công thức- Mẫu câu điều kiện loại III : If+S+had+ V(P.P- phân từ hai), S+would+have+V(P.P- Phân từ hai)
Trong câu điều kiện loại III, động từ của mệnh đề if chia ở quá khứ phân từ, còn động từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở điều kiện hoàn thành (perfect conditional). Ví dụ: If I hadn’t been absent yesterday, I would have met him. (Nếu hôm qua tôi không vắng mặt thì tôi đã gặp mặt anh ta rồi.)
Tìm hiểu về 3 loại câu điều kiện trong tiếng anh | conditional sentences
Bạn có thể tự rèn luyện thêm về câu điều kiên trong tiếng anh thông qua chương trình tiếng anh cơ bản của Academy.vn. trong bài viết này, chúng tôi sẽ giúp bạn tìm hiểu kỹ hơn về câu điều kiện loại 3 – loại khó nhất và các bạn thường sai nhất khi học tiếng anh.
Cấu trúc của câu điều kiện loại 3:
IF + Chủ ngữ 1 + Động từ chia ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành + Bổ ngữ, Chủ ngữ 2 + WOULD/COULD HAVE + PP
Nói cách khác, ở câu điều kiện loại 3, mệnh đề IF dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành, mệnh đề chính dùng công thức WOULD hoặc COULD + HAVE + PP.
* Lưu ý:
- PP là dạng quá khứ hoàn thành của động từ. Ở động từ bất quy tắc, đó chính là cột thứ 3 trong bảng động từ bất quy tắc. Ở động từ có quy tắc, đó chính là động từ nguyên mẫu thêm ED.
- Bổ ngữ có thể không có, tùy ý nghĩa của câu.
- Chủ ngữ 1 và chủ ngữ 2 có thể trùng nhau.
- Mệnh đề IF có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính.
Cách sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 3:
Cấu trúc này được dùng khi ta muốn đặt một giả thiết ngược lại với điều gì đó đã xảy ra trong quá khứ. Điều quan trọng là cả tình huống và kết quả đều không thể xảy ra được nữa. Ví dụ:
- If I hadn’t been absent yesterday, I would have met him. ( nếu hôm qua tôi không vắng mặt thì tôi đã gặp anh ta rồi) => nhưng thực sự tôi đã vắng mặt
- If he had come to see me yesterday, I would have taken him to the movies. (Nếu hôm qua nó đến thăm tôi thì tôi đã đưa nó đi xem phim rồi.)
Bài tập luyện tập về câu điều kiện
( Đăng ký thành viên khoá tiếng anh cho người mất căn bản tại Academy.vn để xem đáp án và luyện tập thêm các dạng bài tập khác)
Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành các câu sau với các các từ ở trong ngoặc câu điều kiện loại 1 2 3
1) If we meet at 9:30, we………..(to have) plenty of time.
2) Lisa would find the milk if she………..(to look) in the fridge.
3) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she………..(to feed) the animals.
4) If you spoke louder, your classmates………..(to understand) you.
5) Dan………..(to arrive) safe if he drove slowly.
6) You………..(to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
7) If you………..(to swim) in this lake, you’ll shiver from cold.
8) The door will unlock if you………..(to press) the green button.
9) If Mel………..(to ask) her teacher, he’d have answered her questions.
10) I………..(to call) the office if I was/were you.
2) Lisa would find the milk if she………..(to look) in the fridge.
3) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she………..(to feed) the animals.
4) If you spoke louder, your classmates………..(to understand) you.
5) Dan………..(to arrive) safe if he drove slowly.
6) You………..(to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
7) If you………..(to swim) in this lake, you’ll shiver from cold.
8) The door will unlock if you………..(to press) the green button.
9) If Mel………..(to ask) her teacher, he’d have answered her questions.
10) I………..(to call) the office if I was/were you.
Bài tập 2 về câu điều kiện loại 1
1) If we………..(to send) an invitation, our friends………..(to come) to our party.
2) He………..(not/to understand) you if you (to whisper).
3) They………..(not/to survive) in the desert if they………..(not/to take) extra water with them.
4) If you………..(to press) CTRL + s, you………..(to save) the file.
5) You………..(to cross) the Channel if you………..(to fly) from Paris to London.
6) Fred………..(to answer) the phone if his wife (to have) a bath.
7) If Claire………..(to wear) this dress at the party, our guests………..(not/to stay) any longer.
8) If I………..(to touch) this snake, my girlfriend………..(not/to scream).
9) She………..(to forget) to pick you up if you (not/to phone) her.
10) I………..(to remember) you if you………..(to give) me a photo.
1) If we………..(to send) an invitation, our friends………..(to come) to our party.
2) He………..(not/to understand) you if you (to whisper).
3) They………..(not/to survive) in the desert if they………..(not/to take) extra water with them.
4) If you………..(to press) CTRL + s, you………..(to save) the file.
5) You………..(to cross) the Channel if you………..(to fly) from Paris to London.
6) Fred………..(to answer) the phone if his wife (to have) a bath.
7) If Claire………..(to wear) this dress at the party, our guests………..(not/to stay) any longer.
8) If I………..(to touch) this snake, my girlfriend………..(not/to scream).
9) She………..(to forget) to pick you up if you (not/to phone) her.
10) I………..(to remember) you if you………..(to give) me a photo.
Bài tập 3: Câu điều kiện loại 2
1) If you………..(to help) your grandma, I………..(to do) the shopping.
2) Andrew………..(to water) the flowers if he………..(to stay) at home.
3) If she………..(to have) 5 pounds more, she………..(to buy) herself this T-shirt.
4) If they………..(to offer) me the job, I………..(to take) it.
5) You………..(to have) summer holidays from June till August if you………..(to live) in the USA.
6) We………..(to sell) the bike for 20 Euros if Ron………..(to repair) it.
7) If you………..(to use) a pencil, the drawing………..(to be) perfect.
8) The children………..(to be) happy if he………..(to teach) them English.
9) If Ireen………..(to visit) us, we………..(to go) out tonight.
10) They………..(to come) again if he………..(to plan) a second stay.
1) If you………..(to help) your grandma, I………..(to do) the shopping.
2) Andrew………..(to water) the flowers if he………..(to stay) at home.
3) If she………..(to have) 5 pounds more, she………..(to buy) herself this T-shirt.
4) If they………..(to offer) me the job, I………..(to take) it.
5) You………..(to have) summer holidays from June till August if you………..(to live) in the USA.
6) We………..(to sell) the bike for 20 Euros if Ron………..(to repair) it.
7) If you………..(to use) a pencil, the drawing………..(to be) perfect.
8) The children………..(to be) happy if he………..(to teach) them English.
9) If Ireen………..(to visit) us, we………..(to go) out tonight.
10) They………..(to come) again if he………..(to plan) a second stay.
Bài tập 4: Câu điều kiện loại 3
1) If you………..(to check) the car, it (not/to break) down in the middle of the desert.
2) If it………..(not/to rain), the children (to play) outside.
3) If my parents………..(not/to be) so tired, they………..(to watch) the film on TV.
4) If she………..(to buy) a new hard disk, she………..(not/to lose) all data.
5) If we………..(to use) the town map, we………..(not/to get) lost.
6) If Tom………..(to eat) more salad, he (not/to catch) a cold.
7) If the police………..(not/to stop) me, I………..(to reach) you in time.
8) If his older brother………..(not/to drive) so fast, he………..(not/to crash) into the other car.
9) If Fred………..(not/to cheat) at the test, his teacher………..(not/to phone) his father.
10) If I………..(not/to switch off) the radio, I………..(to know) about the second goal.
1) If you………..(to check) the car, it (not/to break) down in the middle of the desert.
2) If it………..(not/to rain), the children (to play) outside.
3) If my parents………..(not/to be) so tired, they………..(to watch) the film on TV.
4) If she………..(to buy) a new hard disk, she………..(not/to lose) all data.
5) If we………..(to use) the town map, we………..(not/to get) lost.
6) If Tom………..(to eat) more salad, he (not/to catch) a cold.
7) If the police………..(not/to stop) me, I………..(to reach) you in time.
8) If his older brother………..(not/to drive) so fast, he………..(not/to crash) into the other car.
9) If Fred………..(not/to cheat) at the test, his teacher………..(not/to phone) his father.
10) If I………..(not/to switch off) the radio, I………..(to know) about the second goal.
Bài tập câu trắc nghiệm câu điều kiện có đáp án ở phía cuối bài viết
1-If I ……….the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have.
A-have B-would have C-had had D-should have
1-If I ……….the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have.
A-have B-would have C-had had D-should have
2-I………you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.
A-would have visited B-visited C-had visited D-visit
A-would have visited B-visited C-had visited D-visit
3-………more help,I could call my neighbor.
A-needed B-should I need C-I have neeeded D-I should need
A-needed B-should I need C-I have neeeded D-I should need
4-………then what I know today,I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years.
A-had I known B-did I know C-If I know D- If I would know
A-had I known B-did I know C-If I know D- If I would know
5-Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people…….the same language?
A-spoke B-speak C-had spoken D-will speak
A-spoke B-speak C-had spoken D-will speak
6-If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this,……this incident again.
A- I will never mention B-I never mention C-will I never mention D-I don’t mention
A- I will never mention B-I never mention C-will I never mention D-I don’t mention
7-I didn’t know you were asleep.Otherwise,I…….so much noise when I came in.
A-didn’t make B-wouldn’t have made C-won’t make D-don’t make
A-didn’t make B-wouldn’t have made C-won’t make D-don’t make
8-Unless you ……all of my questions,I can’t do anything to help you.
A-answered B-answer C-would answer D-are answering
A-answered B-answer C-would answer D-are answering
9-Had you told me that this was going to happen, I…….it.
A-would have never believed B-don’t believe C-hadn’t believed D-can’t believe
A-would have never believed B-don’t believe C-hadn’t believed D-can’t believe
10-If Jake……..to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A-doesn’t agree B-didn’t agree C-hadn’t agree D-wouldn’t agree
A-doesn’t agree B-didn’t agree C-hadn’t agree D-wouldn’t agree
Trắc nghiệm câu điều kiện từ 11-20
11-When I stopped talking,Sam finished my sentence for me as though he …..my mind.
A-would read B-had read C-reads D-can read
11-When I stopped talking,Sam finished my sentence for me as though he …..my mind.
A-would read B-had read C-reads D-can read
12-if you……., I would have brought my friends over to your house this evening to watch T.V,but I didn’t want to bother you.
A-had studied B-studied C-hadn’t been studying D-didn’t study
A-had studied B-studied C-hadn’t been studying D-didn’t study
13-I wish I…….you some money for your rent,but I’m broke myself.
A-can lend B-would lend C-could lend D-will lend
A-can lend B-would lend C-could lend D-will lend
14-If someone ……in to the store,smile and say, “May I help you?”
A-comes B-came C-would come D-could come
A-comes B-came C-would come D-could come
15-“Here ‘s my phone number”.
“Thanks.I ‘ll give you a call if I …….some help tomorrow”
A-will need B-need C-would need D-needed
“Thanks.I ‘ll give you a call if I …….some help tomorrow”
A-will need B-need C-would need D-needed
16-If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I….in a bank.
A-work B-will work C-have worked D-would be working
A-work B-will work C-have worked D-would be working
17-The deathrate would decrease if hygienic conditions ……improved.
A-was B-is C-were d-had been
A-was B-is C-were d-had been
18-The education in Japan……..if the basic principles of education had not been taken into consideration.
A-would go down B-would have gone down C-went down D-had gone down
A-would go down B-would have gone down C-went down D-had gone down
19-If there…….the ricefields could have been more productive.
A-had been enough water B-were enough water
C-would be enough water D-are enough water
A-had been enough water B-were enough water
C-would be enough water D-are enough water
20-the patient could not recover unless he ……an operation.
A-had undergone B-would undergo C-underwent D-was undergoing
A-had undergone B-would undergo C-underwent D-was undergoing
Trắc nghiệm câu điều kiện từ 21 – 30
21-If she …..him,she would be very happy.
A-would meet B-will meet C-is meeting D-should meet
21-If she …..him,she would be very happy.
A-would meet B-will meet C-is meeting D-should meet
22-If he …..a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.
A-had had B-had C-has D-has had
A-had had B-had C-has D-has had
23-If I had enough money,I……abroad to improve my English.
A-will go B-would go C-should go D-should have go to
A-will go B-would go C-should go D-should have go to
24-The bench would collapse if they……on it.
A-stood B-stand C-standing D-stands
A-stood B-stand C-standing D-stands
25-If it……convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight,
A-be B-is C-was D-were
A-be B-is C-was D-were
26-If you……time, please write to me.
A-have B-had C-have had D-has
A-have B-had C-have had D-has
27-I shouldn’t go there at night if I ….you.
A-am B-was C-be D-were
A-am B-was C-be D-were
28-If I …….get a pole, I will go fishing.
A-can B-could C-may D-might
A-can B-could C-may D-might
29-If you had the chance,…….you go fishing?
A-did B-may C-would D-do
A-did B-may C-would D-do
30-If you …..a choice, which country would you visit?
A-have B-had C-have had D-will have
A-have B-had C-have had D-will have
Trắc nghiệm câu điều kiện từ 31-40
31-She will acept the offer if you persuade her.
A-unless B-because C-provided that D-otherwise
31-She will acept the offer if you persuade her.
A-unless B-because C-provided that D-otherwise
32-If he were here,he would accompany you on the piano.
A-Supposing he were here B-because he were here C-were he here D-Both Aand C
A-Supposing he were here B-because he were here C-were he here D-Both Aand C
33-If she had gone abroad, she would have let you know.
A-had gone she abroad B-had she gone abroad
C-Because she had gone abroad D-while she had gone abroad
A-had gone she abroad B-had she gone abroad
C-Because she had gone abroad D-while she had gone abroad
34-Trees won’t grow…….there is enough water.
A-if B-when C-unless D-as
A-if B-when C-unless D-as
35-……….she agreed, you would have done it.
A-if B-had C-should D-would
A-if B-had C-should D-would
36-If he hadn’t wasted too much time , he ……in his examination.
A-would fail B-wouldn’t fail C-wouldn’t have failed D-won’t fail
A-would fail B-wouldn’t fail C-wouldn’t have failed D-won’t fail
37-If I had taken that English course, I…….much progress.
A-had made B-would have made C-made D-would make
A-had made B-would have made C-made D-would make
38-If I were in your place, I….a trip to England.
A-will make B-had made C-would make D-made
A-will make B-had made C-would make D-made
39-If you inherited a million pounds,what…….with the money?
A-do you do B-will you do C-would you do D-are you going to do
A-do you do B-will you do C-would you do D-are you going to do
40-If you……..as I told you, you…….in such predicament now.
A-Did/would not be B-had done/had not been
C-do/would not be D-had done /would not be
A-Did/would not be B-had done/had not been
C-do/would not be D-had done /would not be
Trắc nghiệm câu điều kiện từ 41-50
41-Come and work for my company iif you…….better to do.
A-have nothing B-will have nothing C-had something D-had nothing
41-Come and work for my company iif you…….better to do.
A-have nothing B-will have nothing C-had something D-had nothing
42-If you had done as I told you ,I think you……….
A-would succeed B-would have succeeded C-could succed D-had succeeded
A-would succeed B-would have succeeded C-could succed D-had succeeded
43-If he had got half a mark more, he ……in the exam.
A-wouldn’t fail B-wouldn’t have failed C-won’t fail D-won’t be failing
A-wouldn’t fail B-wouldn’t have failed C-won’t fail D-won’t be failing
44-If it……… tomorrow, we may postpone going.
A-rains B-will rain C-shall rain D-raining
A-rains B-will rain C-shall rain D-raining
45-If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you……sleepy now.
A-wouldn’t have been B-wouldn’t be
C-might have not been D-would’t have been being
A-wouldn’t have been B-wouldn’t be
C-might have not been D-would’t have been being
46 – If you …….as I told you, you ……….sorry now.
A-did/would not be B-had done/had not been
C-do /would not be D-had done/would not be
A-did/would not be B-had done/had not been
C-do /would not be D-had done/would not be
47-If I………I will let you know .
A-am staying B-will stay C-do stay D-would stay
A-am staying B-will stay C-do stay D-would stay
48-“Are you thinking about going to the Bahamas for the hollidays?”
“No,but if I ……the time , I would definitely go”
A-have B-had C-have had D-would have
“No,but if I ……the time , I would definitely go”
A-have B-had C-have had D-would have
49-“It’s really raining”
“Yes.If the weather……, we’ll have to camp somewhere else”.
A-would get worse B-might get worse C-get worse D-should get worse
“Yes.If the weather……, we’ll have to camp somewhere else”.
A-would get worse B-might get worse C-get worse D-should get worse
50-“Why did you only send twenty dollats in the mail?”
“If I had had more money, I ……..given you more.”
A-will have B-would have C-would D-have
“If I had had more money, I ……..given you more.”
A-will have B-would have C-would D-have
Trắc nghiệm câu điều kiện từ 51-60
51-“My boss made me work overtime again”.
“If I were you,I……….my job”.
A-would quit B-will quit C-must quit D-quit
51-“My boss made me work overtime again”.
“If I were you,I……….my job”.
A-would quit B-will quit C-must quit D-quit
52-“Thanks for your help”.
“…….want more information,call again tomorrow”.
A-were you B-had you to C-might you D- should you
“…….want more information,call again tomorrow”.
A-were you B-had you to C-might you D- should you
53-“Remember the day I drove you to the airport?”.
“If you hadn’t ……me ,I would have been late”.
A-take B-taking C-took D-taken
“If you hadn’t ……me ,I would have been late”.
A-take B-taking C-took D-taken
54-“Sally finally got here from Chicago”.
“If she had come earlier,we……taken her to the play”.
A-would be B-would have C-had have D-would had
“If she had come earlier,we……taken her to the play”.
A-would be B-would have C-had have D-would had
55-“I don’t know whether to take that mathematics course or not”.
“If ………you, I’d take it”.
A-I am B-I will be C-I had been you D-I were
“If ………you, I’d take it”.
A-I am B-I will be C-I had been you D-I were
56-“My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus”.
“………,we would have picked you up”.
A-had we known B-if we have known C-we had known D-if we did know
“………,we would have picked you up”.
A-had we known B-if we have known C-we had known D-if we did know
57-“It’s beginning to rain”.
“……..,we won’t be able to finish the ball game”.
A-If it stops B-should it stop C-unlees it stops D-if it didn’t stop
“……..,we won’t be able to finish the ball game”.
A-If it stops B-should it stop C-unlees it stops D-if it didn’t stop
58-“Did you need help with your math last night?”.
“If I had, I………you”.
A-would call B-called C-would have called D-will call
“If I had, I………you”.
A-would call B-called C-would have called D-will call
59-“I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do”.
“……..what you want and I can get it for you”.
A-tell me B-if you would say me C-you will tell to me D-if you tell me
“……..what you want and I can get it for you”.
A-tell me B-if you would say me C-you will tell to me D-if you tell me
60-“John went to the hospital alone”,
“If …….,Iwould have gone with him”.
A-had he told me B-he had told me C-ha has told me D-he would tell me
“If …….,Iwould have gone with him”.
A-had he told me B-he had told me C-ha has told me D-he would tell me
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Được sửa bởi QaniTri ngày 25th April 2016, 15:45; sửa lần 1.